Transliteration convention
The romanized text on this site follows IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), the standard academic romanization for Sanskrit, distinguishing long and short vowels (ā, ī, ū), retroflex consonants (ṭ, ḍ, ṇ, ṣ), and nasals (ṅ, ñ, ṃ) with diacritics rather than digraphs.
Vowels
Consonants (with inherent a)
Digits
Signs
Note
Where the Devanagari source uses sandhi (euphonic combination across word boundaries), the IAST line preserves the combined form, while the word-by-word section on each verse page shows each word in its uncombined, dictionary-citation form.
Abbreviations used in the word-by-word analysis
The grammatical tags accompanying each word use standard abbreviations:
For example: m., f., n., sg., nom., acc. — hover any abbreviation above for its expansion.
| Abbreviation | Expansion | Category |
|---|---|---|
| m. | masculine | gender |
| f. | feminine | gender |
| n. | neuter | gender |
| sg. | singular | number |
| du. | dual | number |
| pl. | plural | number |
| nom. | nominative | case |
| acc. | accusative | case |
| instr. | instrumental | case |
| dat. | dative | case |
| abl. | ablative | case |
| gen. | genitive | case |
| loc. | locative | case |
| para. | parasmaipada | verbal pada |
| ātm. | ātmanepada | verbal pada |
A note on this format
The goal of this word-by-word apparatus is pedagogical transparency, not a substitute for a full traditional commentary (ṭīkā) — readers seeking the philosophical depth of the hymn are encouraged to consult a published commentary alongside this translation.